大家都知道考研英語(yǔ)是公共課必考的一門(mén)課，很多同學(xué)在考研英語(yǔ)上因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)不扎實(shí)，痛失復(fù)試資格，當(dāng)然了考研界大佬何凱文每日一練是考生們?cè)谶M(jìn)行2019考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，免費(fèi)又實(shí)用的復(fù)習(xí)資料。今天陜西文都考研總部小編給大家整理了關(guān)于2019陜西文都考研英語(yǔ)：何凱文每日一練 day 76的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，如有需要及時(shí)加入陜西文都19考研交流群。文都考研網(wǎng)持續(xù)為考生們推送何凱文每日一練，歡迎考生訪問(wèn)查看。本期文都考研網(wǎng)為大家?guī)?lái)的是何凱文每日一練第七十六天。

　　第七十六天

　　如果給你兩個(gè)選擇，一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在拿走150元，一個(gè)是一年后拿走180元，你會(huì)選哪個(gè)?大部分人可能會(huì)選擇150元，而放棄一個(gè)月后30元的額外收入。這是因?yàn)槿藗儍A向于給予當(dāng)下的考慮更大的權(quán)重，即“現(xiàn)時(shí)偏差”。類(lèi)似的認(rèn)知偏差有很多，被維基百科收錄的就有185種。學(xué)者認(rèn)為，認(rèn)知偏差是直覺(jué)力的不良副產(chǎn)物。一方面人可以通過(guò)直覺(jué)力快速地根據(jù)以往經(jīng)歷和現(xiàn)實(shí)情境作出判斷，及時(shí)規(guī)避危險(xiǎn)。但直覺(jué)力的迅雷不急掩耳之速犧牲了理性，導(dǎo)致人們?cè)跓o(wú)需快速?zèng)Q策時(shí)也偷懶，訴諸直覺(jué)而非努力思考，掉進(jìn)各種認(rèn)知偏差的陷阱。因系統(tǒng)提出邏輯謬誤和認(rèn)知偏差而獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的Daniel Kahneman認(rèn)為，雖然人們?cè)谡J(rèn)知測(cè)驗(yàn)中可因得到相關(guān)訓(xùn)練而提升分?jǐn)?shù)，但本質(zhì)上這些人性弱點(diǎn)是無(wú)法克服的，因?yàn)樯畈幌駵y(cè)驗(yàn)，測(cè)驗(yàn)中你一直提防著出題人的坑，越測(cè)越敏感，越測(cè)分越高;而生活中你的對(duì)手是自己，你一直在給自己挖坑，越老越自負(fù)，越活越糊涂。

　　If I had to single out a particular bias as the most pervasive and damaging, it would probably be confirmation bias. That’s the effect that leads us to look for evidence confirming what we already think or suspect, to view facts and ideas we encounter as further confirmation, and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence that seems to support an alternate view. Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide, where each side seems unable to allow that the other side is right about anything. Confirmation bias plays out in lots of other circumstances, sometimes with terrible consequences.

　　思考題：

　　“Confirmation bias” was singled out by the author because __.

　　A. it leads us to ignore opposing views

　　B. it shows up conspicuously in politics

　　C. it is bad for reaching logical decisions

　　D. it is the most widespread and harmful

　　(參看2000 雄心壯志的文章，互為因果，了解一下。)

　　詞匯突破：

　　1. pervasive 廣泛的

　　2. confirmation 確認(rèn)

　　3. discount打折

　　4. alternate 其他的

　　5. blatant 公然的，顯眼的

　　第一句：

　　If I had to single out a particular bias as the most pervasive and damaging, it would probably be confirmation bias.

　　切分：

　　1. If I had to single out a particular bias

　　2. as the most pervasive and damaging

　　3. it would probably be confirmation bias

　　參考譯文：

　　如果必須找出一個(gè)最普遍、破壞性最 強(qiáng)的特定偏見(jiàn)，可能就是“證實(shí)偏差”了。

　　第二句：

　　That’s the effect that leads us to look for evidence confirming what we already think or suspect, to view facts and ideas we encounter as further confirmation, and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence that seems to support an alternate view.

　　切分：

　　1. That’s the effect

　　2. that leads us to look for evidence

　　3. confirming what we already think or suspect,

　　4. to view facts and ideas…as further confirmation

　　5. (that) we encounter

　　6. and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence

　　7. that seems to support an alternate view.

　　參考譯文：這種偏見(jiàn)導(dǎo)致我們尋找證據(jù)支撐已有的想法或質(zhì)疑，將遇到的事實(shí)和想法視為進(jìn)一步的佐證，并貶損或忽略任何似乎支持其他觀點(diǎn)的證據(jù)。“

　　第三句：

　　Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide, where each side seems unable to allow that the other side is right about anything.

　　切分：

　　1. Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide

　　2. where each side seems unable to allow

　　3. that the other side is right about anything

　　參考譯文：“證實(shí)偏差”鮮明地出現(xiàn)在當(dāng)下的政治分歧中，雙方似乎都無(wú)法承認(rèn)對(duì)方有任何對(duì)的地方。

　　第四句：

　　Confirmation bias plays out in lots of other circumstances, sometimes with terrible consequences.

　　參考譯文：“證實(shí)偏差”在許多其他情況下也會(huì)發(fā)生, 有時(shí)會(huì)帶來(lái)可怕的后果。

　　“Confirmation bias” was singled out by the author because __.

　　作者為何在這么多認(rèn)知偏差中把“證實(shí)偏差”提出來(lái)講?

　　A. it leads us to ignore opposing views

　　B. it shows up conspicuously in politics

　　C. it is bad for reaching logical decisions

　　D. it is the most widespread and harmful

　　原文中的第一句的前半句，我們看到“如果必須找出一個(gè)最普遍、破壞性最 強(qiáng)的特定偏見(jiàn)的話”，反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)也就是這個(gè)偏差因?yàn)槭亲钇毡椤⒆钣衅茐男缘模员徽页鰜?lái)了。答案是D。

　　所以你應(yīng)該是定位錯(cuò)了!

　　有一種因果叫做隱形因果，沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)明顯的因果詞但前后句有因果關(guān)系。

　　明天的句子：

　　Medium-length or long hair was best—but not too long. Heels and skirts were preferred at trial—but not too high and definitely not too short. But showing up in federal court with bare legs was as unthinkable as showing up drunk. Clothing may seem trivial, but what a woman wears at trial is directly related to her ability to do her job. When impeaching a witness to expose a lie, I would hold incriminating document and shove it in the witness’s face. I had to approach witnesses carefully—because I was balancing on heels.

　　思考題：

　　According to the author, why female lawyer’s dressing code is important?

　　A.It will influence her ability to work.

　　B.It will be convenient to shove document.

　　C.It will help lawyer approach the witness.

　　D.It will avoid the so-called embarrassment.

　　 上面就是給大家整理的2019陜西文都考研英語(yǔ)：何凱文每日一練 day 76的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，如有更多疑問(wèn)，請(qǐng)及時(shí)咨詢?cè)诰€老師。

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